JLPT N1 grammar

1

というto iuAll; every single ~ (no exceptions)

2

とはtowaI was surprised that; the fact that ~

3

なりnariAs soon as; right after ~

4

にしてni shiteAt/on/under conditions (time, position)

5

ものでmono deBecause; for that reason

6

ようが / ようとyou ga / you toEven if; no matter how/what ~

7

つ〜つtsu~tsuAnd ~ (indicates 2 contrasting actions)

8

なんという / なんと/ なんてnan to iu / nanto / nanteHow (beautiful, etc.); what a ~

9

ものをmono oIf only (regret)

10

たるもの / たるtaru mono / taru(that) which is; in capacity of ... should

11

ってば / ったらtteba / ttaraSpeaking of; I told you already

12

というものto iu monoDuring; for; since; over a period of time

13

びる / びて / びたbiru / bite / bitaTo seem to be; to appear; to behave as ~

14

からある / からする/ からのkara aru / kara suru / kara noAt least; as much as; as many as ~

15

すら / ですらsura / de suraEven ~ (with emphasis)

16

とてtoteEven; even if/though ~

17

ごとき/ごとく/ごとしgotoki/gotoku/gotoshiLike; as if; the same as ~

18

いかにikaniHow; in what way; to what extent

19

ぶる / ぶって / ぶったburu / butte / buttaBehaving like; to pretend / act like ~

20

なしに / なしでnashi ni / nashi deWithout; without doing ~

21

をもって /をもちましてo motte /o mochimashiteBy means of; with; on / at / as of (time)

22

ぶり / っぷりburi / ppuriStyle; manner; way

23

とも〜ともtomo~tomoUnable to draw a conclusion/ judge

24

さもsamoReally (seem, appear, etc.); truly; as if ~

25

いかにもikani moIndeed; really; just (like); very ~

26

だに / だにしないdani / dani shinaiEven; not even ~

27

べくbekuIn order to; for the purpose of ~

28

ともなく / ともなしにtomo naku/nashi niSomehow; without knowing/thinking

29

ところをtokoro oAlthough (it is a certain time/condition)

30

であれ / であろうとde are / de arou toWhoever; whatever; however; even ~

31

にあってni atteAt; on; during; in the condition of ~

32

までもない / までもなくmade mo nai/nakuThere's no need to; not necessary to ~

33

たところでta tokoro deEven if; no matter (who, what, when...)

34

なり〜なりnari~nari[A] or [B] or something; for instance ~

35

だの〜だのdano~danoAnd; and the like; and so forth ~

36

なりに / なりのnari ni / nari noSuitable; in one's own way/style

37

手前temaeConsidering; before; one’s standpoint

38

かつてkatsuteOnce; before; formerly; former; ex-

39

何しろnani shiroAnyway; because; as you know ~

40

に至る / に至ったni itaru / ni itattaLeads to; come to a conclusion

41

やしないya shinaiShould do, but don't; there's no way ~

42

ではあるまいかdewa arumai kaIsn't it; I wonder if it’s not ~

43

もはやmohayaAlready; now; no longer; not anymore

44

となると / となればto naru to / to narebaWhen it comes to; in such a case

45

めくmekuSeems; show signs of ~

46

べからず / べからざるbekarazu/ bekarazaruMust not; should not; do not ~

47

ことごとくkoto gotokuAltogether; entirely; completely ~

48

いかなるikanaruAny kind of; every; whatever

49

とはいえtowa ieThough; although; nonetheless

50

んばかりにn bakari niAs if; as though ~

51

じみたjimitaTo become; to appear like; to look like ~

52

や否やya ina yaAs soon as; the moment ~

53

もしくはmoshikuwaOr; otherwise

54

ながらに / ながらのnagara ni/noWhile; without change

55

もしないでmo shinai deWithout even doing ~

56

さぞsazoSurely; certainly; no doubt; indeed ~

57

並みnamiAverage; equal to; on par with ~

58

ばこそba kosoOnly because ~

59

ものとしてmono toshiteTo assume; to suppose ~

60

かたわらkatawaraWhile; at the same time; in addition

61

およそoyosoAbout; roughly; generally; completely ~

62

といい〜といいto ii~to iiBoth ... and; whether it be ... or ~

63

まみれmamireCovered with; stained; smeared with ~

64

なりともnari tomoAt least; even just a little

65

を押して /を押し切ってo oshite /o oshikitteTo overcome (opposition)

66

が早いかga hayai kaNo sooner than; as soon as ~

67

に至るまでni itaru madeAs far as; everything from ... to ~

68

を控えてo hikaeteTo be soon; the time has come to ~

69

までだ / までのことだmade da/no koto daOnly; just; nothing else

70

に至ってはni ittate waWhen it comes to; as for ~

71

といえどもto ie domoEven if; even though; despite ~

72

てみせるte miseruI’ll do my best; I'll show you ~

73

にかかっては /にかかったら / にかかると / かかればni kakatte wa / ni kakattara / ni kakaru to / kakarebaWhen handled by (N), becomes a different result

74

ないものか /ないものだろうかnai mono ka / nai mono darou kaIsn't there; can’t we…?; can’t I…?

75

ないまでもnai made moNot to say; does not reach the level of~

76

折にori niWhen; at the time; on the occasion ~

77

を経てo heteThrough; by way of; after; via ~

78

かれ〜かれkare~kareSooner or later; more or less

79

のやら / ものやら /ことやらno yara / mono yara/ koto yaraI wonder..; unsure; I don’t know ~

80

ことこの上ない / この上ない / この上なくkoto kono ue nai / kono ue nai / kono ue nakuThe most of all; the best; nothing is more ... than ~

81

がましいgamashiiLook like; sound like; somewhat like ~

82

どうにも〜ないdou nimo~naiNot … by any means

83

極まる / 極まりないkiwamaru/ kiwamarinaiExtremely; very ~

84

かたがたkatagataWhile; at the same time; incidentally ~

85

にしたところで /としたところでni shita tokoro de / to shita tokoro deEven if; even supposing that ~

86

には及ばないniwa oyobanaiThere is no need to; no match for ~

87

に足る / に足りるni taru/tariruCan do; worthy; worth doing

88

こそ「〜が・けれど」koso~ga/keredoBut; although (emphasis)

89

放題houdaiDoing as one pleases; uncontrolled

90

たら最後 / たが最後tara saigo / taga saigoIf you do... negative result

91

に〜を重ねてni~o kasaneteSuccess after continuous (effort)

92

ことなしにkoto nashi niWithout doing something

93

いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよizure ni shitemo / izure ni shiro / izure ni seyoAnyhow; anyway; in any case ~

94

案の定an no jouJust as one thought; sure enough

95

た弾みに /た拍子にta hazumi ni / ta hyoushi niThe moment [A], unintentionally caused something to happen

96

あらかじめarakajimeBeforehand; in advance; previously

97

ようが〜ようが /ようと〜ようとyou ga~you ga / you to~you toNo matter; whether; even if [A] or [B]

98

ないとも限らないnai tomo kagiranaiNot necessarily; maybe; might ~

99

まじきmajikiShould not; must not ~

100

にかかっているni kakatteiruDepending on ~

101

ともすればtomo surebaApt to (do); tend to; liable to; prone to ~

102

くらいならkurai naraRather than (do ...)

103

こととてkoto toteBecause; since ~

104

がてらgateraWhile; at the same time; coincidentally

105

を兼ねてo kaneteAlso for the purpose of ~

106

やれ〜やれyare~yareGive 2 representative examples (negative)

107

たりともtari tomoNot even; not any ~

108

思いをするomoi o suruTo think; to feel ~

109

に足らない/に足りないni taranai/tarinaiCannot; not worthy; not worth doing ~

110

とあってto atteDue to the fact that; because of ~

111

にも増してnimo mashiteMore than…; above ~

112

に忍びないni shinobinaiCannot bring oneself (to do)

113

でも何でもない /くも何ともないdemo nan demo nai / kumo nan tomo naiNot in the least; nothing like that

114

あくまでもakumade moTo the end; persistently; is still very ~

115

を境にo sakai niSince ~ (indicates large change)

116

はおろかwa orokaLet alone; needless to say ~

117

始末だshimatsu daIn the end; as a result (negative)

118

まくるmakuruTo do over and over again

119

まるっきりmarukkiriCompletely; totally; (not) at all ~

120

とっさにtossa niAt once; right away; promptly

121

わwaFeminine sentence ending particle

122

さsaEnding particle; indicates assertion

123

にniAnd; in addition to

124

ときたらtokitaraWhen it comes to; concerning ~

125

といわず〜といわずto iwazu~to iwazuBoth; not only A or B, but (overall) ~

126

を禁じ得ないo kinji enaiCan’t help but; can’t refrain from ~

127

に照らしてni terashiteAccording to; in view of; in light of ~

128

尽くすtsukusuTo use up (completely)

129

というわけだto iu wake daThat's why; no wonder ~

130

というところだ /といったところだto iu tokoro da / to itta tokoro daAt the most; no more than; roughly ~

131

でもあり〜でもあるdemo ari~demo aruTo also be; both… and ~

132

敢えてaeteDare to; deliberately; purposely ~

133

たことにする /たことになるta koto ni suru / ta koto ni naruPretend to; contrary to the truth ~

134

そばからsoba karaAs soon as; right after ~

135

によらずni yorazuRegardless of ~

136

ならではnara dewaDistinctive of; uniquely applying to ~

137

こそすれkoso sureAnd; although; but ~

138

こそあれkoso areAlthough; even though ~

139

だろうにdarou ni(1) surely..., but ~ (2) should have ~

140

あってのatte noWhich can exist solely due to

141

ても知らないtemo shiranaiIf continue... you'll end up / I don't care

142

とあればto arebaIf it is the case that; if ~

143

に難くないni katakunaiEasy to do; it’s not hard to ~

144

に至ってもni itattemoEven if; although something ~

145

か否かka ina kaWhether or not ~

146

に値するni atai suruTo be worth; to be worthy of ~

147

とりわけtoriwakeEspecially; above all ~

148

ともあろうものがtomo arou mono gaOf all people... (surprise)

149

の至りno itariUtmost; extremely ~

150

なくしてはnakushite waCannot do without ~

151

んがためにn ga tame niIn order to ~

152

が/も〜なら、〜も〜だga/mo~nara, ~mo~daNegative connection/comparison

153

ではあるまいしdewa arumai shiIt’s not like; it isn’t as if ~

154

とばかりにto bakari niAs if to say; as though~

155

に即してni sokushiteAccording to; to be based on ~

156

と見るやto miru yaAt the sight of; after confirming ~

157

というか〜というかto iu ka~to iu kaOr rather; I mean ~

158

をよそにo yoso niDespite; without regards to ~

159

に則ってni nottotteBased on; according to ~

160

にまつわるni matsuwaruTo be related to; to concern with ~

161

にかこつけてni kako tsuketeTo use as a pretext; to use as an excuse

162

に引き換えni hikikaeCompared to; in contrast to; unlike ~

163

ないものでもないnai mono demo naiIs not entirely impossible

164

もさることながらmo saru koto nagaraNot only... but also ~

165

くらいのものだkurai no mono daOnly (emphasis)

166

甲斐もなくkai mo nakuDespite; even though ~

167

限りだkagiri daTo feel strongly

168

ばそれまでだ /たらそれまでだba sore made da / tara sore made daIf… then it’s over

169

てやまないte yamanaiAlways; never stop; can’t help but ~

170

てからというものte kara to iu monoEver since ~

171

を顧みず / も顧みずo/mo kaerimizuDespite; regardless of ~

172

をいいことにo ii koto niTo take advantage of ~

173

のなんのってno nan notteExtremely ~ (cannot express in words)

174

わ〜わでwa~wadeAnd (list neg. things happening at same time)

175

としたことがtoshita koto gaOf all people, who would have thought?

176

とされるto sareruIs considered to; it is said that ~

177

といったらないto ittara naiExtremely; nothing more ... than this

178

たら〜たでtara~tadeIf / in the case... of course / should ~

179

を余儀なくされるo yogi naku sareruForced to do something (no choice)

180

を限りにo kagiri niStarting from; the last time

181

を踏まえてo fumaeteTo be based on; to take into account ~

182

のやら〜のやらno yara~no yaraOr ~ (I don't know)

183

には当たらないniwa ataranaiIt’s not worth; there’s no need to ~

184

に耐える / に耐えないni taeru / ni taenaiWorth doing; cannot bear doing ~

185

ものとするmono to suruShall; to assume; understood as ~

186

も同然だmo douzen daJust like; same as~

187

きってのkitte noThe most / greatest … of all

188

ぐるみgurumiTogether (with); -wide

189

べくしてbeku shiteAs it is bound to (happen)

190

べくもないbeku mo naiCannot possibly be ~

191

とみるとto miru toAs soon as one realizes ..., then ~

192

に言わせればni iwaserebaIf you ask; if one may say ~

193

にかまけてni kamaketeTo be too busy; to focus only on ~

194

はさておきwa sateokiSetting aside ~

195

というわけではないto iu wake dewa naiIt’s not that; it doesn’t mean that ~

196

てしかるべきだte shikaru beki daShould; appropriate; natural to do ~

197

ためしがないtameshi ga naiIs never the case; have never heard of ~

198

ただ〜のみだtada~nomi daCan do nothing but; only ~

199

損なう / 損ねる /損じるsokonau / sokoneru/ sonjiruTo fail to; miss a chance

200

さもないとsamonaitoOtherwise; or else; if not ~

201

をおいて〜ないo oite~naiCan only be; no alternative, only ~

202

を機にo ki niAs an opportunity/chance to ~

203

を皮切りにo kawakiri niOne after another; starting with ~

204

の極みno kiwamiUtmost; extremely ~

205

にとどまらずni todomarazuNot limited to; not only… but also ~

206

に限ったことではないni kagitta koto dewa naiNot limited to only ~

207

ものと思われる /ものと見られるmono to omowareru/ mirareruTo think; to suppose; it is believed/expected that ~

208

ことのないようにkoto no nai you niSo as not to; to not ~

209

嫌いがあるkirai ga aruBad habit; to have a tendency to ~

210

可能性があるkanousei ga aruMay/might; there’s a possibility that ~

211

羽目になるhame ni naruTo get stuck with (unpleasant)

212

では済まないdewa sumanaiIt doesn’t end with just ~

213

でなくてなんだろうdenakute nan darouMust be; is definitely ~

214

であれ〜であれde are~de areWhether [A] or [B]

215

と相まってto aimatteTogether with..., more ~

216

をものともせずにo mono tomo sezuniIn defiance; not losing to/worrying about ~

217

はそっちのけで /をそっちのけでwa socchinoke de / o socchinoke deIgnoring (one thing) for (another)

218

にもほどがあるnimo hodo ga aruTo go too far

219

こともあってkoto mo attePartly because; also because of ~

220

かと思いきやka to omoikiyaContrary to expectations

221

はどうであれwa dou de areHowever; whatever ~

222

うちに入らないuchi ni hairanaiNot really; can't be regarded as ~

223

とは打って変わって/ とは打って変わりtowa utte kawatte / to wa utte kawariUnlike; very different from ~

224

とは比べものにならないtowa kurabemono ni naranaiCan't compare with ~

225

ときているto kiteiruBecause of ~

226

と言えなくもないto ienaku mo naiIt can also be said that ~

227

ても差し支えないtemo sashitsukaenaiCan ~; it’s okay if ~ (compromise)

228

てもどうにもならないtemo dou ni mo naranaiIt's no use; can't do anything

229

て済むことではないte sumu koto dewa nai~ is not enough to solve the problem

230

て敵わないte kanawanaiCan't bear to; unable to; troublesome to

231

たら〜ところだtara~tokoro daIf... (counterfactual), then would be ~

232

たつもりはないta tsumori wa naiHave no intention to / didn't mean to ~

233

術がないsube ga naiThere is no way / means; cannot do ~

234

そびれるsobireruTo miss a chance; to fail to do ~

235

を前提としてo zentei toshiteWith the intention to; on the condition

236

には無理があるni wa muri ga aruDifficult to do; is unreasonable

237

に先駆けてni sakigaketePrior to; being ahead of ~

238

ならいざしらず /はいざしらずnara iza shirazu / wa iza shirazuI don't know about ... but ~

239

切りがないkiri ga naiEndless; boundless; there’s no end to ~

240

いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわずikan ni kakawarazu / ikan ni yorazu /ikan o towazuRegardless of; whether or not ~

241

いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによってはikan da / ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte waIn accordance with; depending on ~

242

ほうがましだhou ga mashi daBetter than; would rather ~

243

ほどのことではないhodo no koto dewa naiIt's not worth; no need to ~