This pattern is used to say that no matter which of two opposing situations occurs, the result is the same. It often pairs contrasting verbs or adjectives, like 'whether you go or stay', 'whether it's expensive or cheap'. The meaning is close to 'whether A or B, ...' or 'no matter if A or B'. It is a formal, written-style construction common in speeches, essays, and literary texts, but also used in speech for emphasis.

The two parts can be the same verb in affirmative and negative, or two different verbs. The repeated structure creates a rhetorical balance that highlights the speaker's determination or indifference. For example, 賛成しようが反対しようが、計画は実行する (Whether you agree or oppose, the plan will be executed). The pattern with と is more common in modern Japanese, while が is slightly more literary.

Note that the second part can be followed by a phrase like ～同じだ or ～関係ない to emphasize that the outcome is unaffected. In casual conversation, you might hear ～ても～ても instead, which is less stiff. This N1 pattern is not wrong in speech, but it gives a formal, emphatic tone.