JLPT N4 grammar

1

ってtteNamed; called

2

ことkotoVerb nominalizer

3

ように / ようなyou ni / you naLike; as; similar to

4

ていたte itaWas doing something (past continuous)

5

というto iuCalled; named; that

6

でもdemo... or something

7

ながらnagaraWhile; during; as; simultaneously

8

てもtemoEven; even if; even though

9

ならnaraIf; in the case that ~

10

かなkanaI wonder; should I?

11

は〜が… はwa~ga... wa[A] but [B]; however; comparison

12

ばかりbakariOnly; nothing but

13

ところtokoroJust about to; on the verge of doing ~

14

たらtaraIf, after, when

15

よりyoriThan; rather than; more than

16

などnadoSuch as, things like

17

ままmamaAs it is; current state; without changing

18

らしいrashiiIt seems like; I heard; apparently~

19

間にaida niWhile/during~ something happened

20

のにnoniTo (do something); in order to

21

のにnoniAlthough, in spite of, even though

22

そうに・そうなsou ni / sou naSeems like; looks like

23

と思うto omouTo think…; I think…; you think…

24

かいkaiTurns a sentence into a yes/no question

25

られるrareruPotential form; ability/inability to do ~

26

ということto iu kotoConvert phrase into noun

27

のは〜だnowa~da[A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B]

28

出すdasuTo suddenly begin; to suddenly appear

29

の中でno naka deIn, among

30

そうだsou da [2]Looks like; appears like

31

そうだsou da [1]I heard that; it is said that

32

てしまう / ちゃうte shimau / chauTo do something by accident, to finish

33

だけでdake deJust by; just by doing

34

ではないかdewa nai kaRight?; isn't it?

35

じゃないかjanai kaRight? isn't it? let's~; confirmation

36

がる・がっているgaru; gatteiruTo show signs of; to appear; to feel

37

急にkyuu niSuddenly

38

たところta tokoroJust finished doing, was just doing

39

てくれるte kureruTo do a favor; do something for someone

40

ございますgozaimasuTo be, to exist (polite form of いる/ある)

41

なさいnasaiDo this (soft/firm command)

42

たばかりta bakariJust finished; something just occurred

43

それでもsore demoBut still; and yet; even so

44

ようだyou daAppears; seems; looks as if

45

にするni suruTo make something ~

46

させるsaseruCausative form; to make/let somebody do

47

がりgariPersonality; tend to~; sensitivity towards~

48

てくるte kuruTo do… and come back; to continue

49

でございますde gozaimasuTo be (honorific)

50

ことがあるkoto ga aruThere are times when

51

なければならないnakereba naranaiMust do something; have to do something

52

とか～とかtoka~tokaAmong other things; such as; like

53

までにmade niBy; by the time; indicates time limit

54

きっとkittoSurely; undoubtedly; certainly; likely

55

かしらka shiraI wonder

56

てみるte miruTry doing

57

がするga suruTo smell; hear; taste

58

やっとyattoAt last; finally; barely; narrowly

59

なさるnasaruTo do (honorific)

60

そんなにsonna niSo much; so; like that

61

さっきsakkiSome time ago; just now

62

とtoWhenever [A] happens, [B] also happens

63

て / でte / deConjunctive; so; because of [A], [B]...

64

しshiAnd; and what’s more; emphasis

65

さsa-ness ; nominalizer for adjective

66

なnaDon’t ~ (order somebody to not do ~)

67

もmoAs many as; as much as; up to; nearly

68

頃koro / goroAround; about; when

69

ばbaConditional form; If [A] then [B]

70

間aidaWhile; during; between

71

さすがsasugaAs one would expect; as is to be expected

72

後でato deAfter ~; later

73

てやるte yaruTo do for; to do a favor (casual)

74

いらっしゃるirassharuTo be; to come; to go (polite version)

75

かもしれないkamo shirenaiMight; perhaps; indicates possibility

76

ておくte okuTo do something in advance

77

くするku suruTo make something ~

78

お～になるo~ni naruTo do (honorific)

79

みたいなmitai naLike, similar to

80

かどうかka dou kaWhether or not

81

ているところteiru tokoroIn the process of doing

82

ていくte ikuTo start; to continue; to go on

83

ことができるkoto ga dekiruCan; able to

84

あまり～ないamari~naiNot very, not much

85

ことになるkoto ni naruIt has been decided that..; it turns out ~

86

お～くださいo~kudasaiPlease do (honorific)

87

始めるhajimeruTo start; to begin to ~

88

にくいnikuiDifficult to do

89

はずだhazu daIt must be; it should be (expectation)

90

ようになるyou ni naruTo reach the point that; to turn into

91

場合はbaai waIn the event of; in the case that

92

やすいyasuiEasy to; likely to; prone to; a tendency to~

93

なかなか～ないnakanaka~naiNot easy to; struggling to; not able to~

94

またはmatawaBoth; or; otherwise; choice of [A] or [B]

95

と聞いたto kiitaI heard...

96

みたいにmitai niLike, similar to

97

たがるtagaruWants to do~ (third person)

98

全然～ないzenzen~nai(not) at all

99

てもらうte morauTo get somebody to do something

100

続けるtsuzukeruContinue to; keen on

101

ぜひzehiBy all means; certainly; definitely

102

たらどうtara douWhy don't you

103

が必要ga hitsuyouNeed; necessary

104

てあげるte ageruTo do for; to do a favor

105

ようと思うyou to omouThinking of doing; planning to

106

はずがないhazu ga naiCannot be (impossible)

107

いたしますitashimasuTo do (polite form of する)

108

ようにするyou ni suruTo try to; to make sure that

109

必要があるhitsuyou ga aruNeed to; it is necessary to

110

なければいけないnakereba ikenaiMust do something; have to do something

111

させられるsaserareruCausative-passive; to be made to do ~

112

に気がつくni ki ga tsukuTo notice; to realize

113

てほしいte hoshiiI want you to; need you to~

114

ことにするkoto ni suruTo decide on

115

終わるowaruTo finish; to end

116

てよかったte yokattaI’m glad that..

117

みたいだmitai daLike, similar to, resembling

118

と言われているto iwarete iruIt is said that...

119

てすみませんte sumimasenI’m sorry for

120

おきにoki niRepeated at intervals, every

121

と言ってもいいto ittemo iiYou could say; one might say; I'd say

122

にみえるni mieruTo look; to seem; to appear

123

予定だyotei daPlan to, intend to

124

づらいzuraiDifficult to do

125

ていただけませんかte itadakemasen kaCould you please

126

させてくださいsasete kudasaiPlease let me do

127

受身形ukemi keiPassive form; passive voice

128

たらいいですかtara ii desu kaWhat should I do?; seeking instruction

129

他動詞 & 自動詞tadoushi & jidoushiTransitive & Intransitive Verbs

130

から作るkara tsukuruMade from; made with

131

意向形ikou keiVolitional form; let's do ~