JLPT N2 grammar

1

もの / もんmono / monBecause; reason/ excuse/dissatisfaction

2

ては / ではtewa / dewaWhenever; if; when~; repetitive action

3

ともtomoEven if; no matter; though~

4

ばかりbakariAbout, approximately

5

まいmaiWill not; intend not to

6

とか（で）toka (de)I heard that~

7

ことにkoto niEmphasize speaker's feelings

8

ものだmono daDescribe feeling; express memories

9

やがてyagateBefore long; soon; almost; eventually~

10

中を /中ではnaka o /naka dewaIn; on; in the midst of; when; while~

11

もののmononoBut; although; even though~

12

ことだkoto daShould do~ (suggestions or advice)

13

だってdatteBecause; but; after all; even; too

14

なおnaoStill; yet; furthermore; in addition~

15

つつtsutsuWhile; even though; despite~

16

ところにtokoro niAt the time; just as I was~

17

ものか / もんかmono ka / mon kaAs if; there's no way~

18

だけはdake waTo do all that one can

19

しかもshikamoMoreover; furthermore; what’s more~

20

次第shidaiAs soon as, dependent upon

21

にしてもni shitemoRegardless of whether

22

いきなりikinariAbruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden

23

得るeru / uruCan; to be able to; is possible to~

24

限りkagiriAs long as; while… is the case; as far as

25

といったto ittaLike; such as~

26

ままにmama niAs, to do as~

27

その上sono ueBesides; in addition; furthermore~

28

次第にshidai niGradually; in sequence; in order

29

いよいよiyoiyoAt last; finally; beyond doubt

30

あるいはaruiwaOr; either; maybe; perhaps; possibly

31

ばかりにbakari niSimply because; on account of

32

につけni tsukeEvery time; whenever; as; whether

33

ばかりだbakari daContinue to (go in negative direction)

34

再びfutatabiAgain; once more

35

ということはto iu koto waThat is to say; in other words~

36

恐らくosorakuPerhaps; likely; probably; I dare say~

37

だけにdake niBeing the case; precisely because

38

得ないenaiUnable to; cannot; it is not possible to~

39

もっともmotto moBut then; although; though~

40

にてniteIn, at, with, by (formal particle)

41

にせよ/ にしろni seyo/ ni shiroEven if; regardless; whether... or

42

としてもtoshitemoAssuming; even if~

43

と同時にto douji niAt the same time as; while

44

に過ぎないni suginaiNo more than; just; merely; only~

45

に相違ないni soui naiWithout a doubt; certain; sure

46

ものがあるmono ga aruThere is such a thing; to be the case

47

たまえtamaeDo~; order somebody to do something

48

かえってkaetteOn the contrary; rather; all the more

49

何も～ないnani mo~naiNothing; (not) ~ at all

50

かのようにka no you niAs if; just like

51

少しも～ないsukoshi mo~naiNot one bit; not even a little~

52

ものではないmono dewa naiShouldn’t do something; it’s impossible

53

上はue waNow that; since; as long as~

54

ことかkoto kaHow…!; what…!

55

全く～ないmattaku~naiNot at all~

56

つつあるtsutsu aruTo be doing; in the process of doing~

57

の下でno moto deUnder; with~

58

それにしてもsore ni shitemoNevertheless; at any rate; even so

59

以外igaiWith the exception of; excepting

60

ものだからmono dakaraSo; therefore; the reason for something

61

末にsue niFinally; after; following; at the end

62

どうやらdou yaraApparently; seems like; somehow

63

せめてsemeteAt least; at most~

64

どうせdouseAnyhow; in any case; at any rate

65

のみならずnominarazuNot only; besides; as well as~

66

以上にijou niMore than; not less than; beyond

67

てはならないtewa naranaiMust not; cannot; should not~

68

一応ichiouMore or less; pretty much; roughly

69

よほど / よっぽどyohodo / yoppodoVery; greatly; much; to a large extent

70

及びoyobiAnd; as well as~

71

ねばならないneba naranaiHave to do; must; should~

72

やら～やらyara~yaraSuch things as A and B; and so on~

73

ものならmono naraIf [A] is possible, then [B]

74

おまけにomake niTo make matters worse; what's more

75

要するにyou suru niIn short; in a word; to sum up

76

につきni tsukiDue to; because of; per; each

77

ふうにfuu niThis way; that way; in such a way; how

78

せいかsei kaPerhaps because~

79

から見るとkara miru toFrom the point of view of; judging from

80

に向かってni mukatteTo face; to go towards; to head to

81

以上はijou waBecause; since; seeing that

82

直ちにtadachi niAt once; immediately; directly

83

いわゆるiwayuruWhat is called; as it is called; so-called

84

ことなくkoto nakuWithout doing something even once

85

それならsore naraIf that’s the case; if so~

86

ばかりかbakari kaNot only.. but also; as well as

87

ては～てはtewa~tewaRepetitive situations/actions

88

そうするとsou suru toHaving done that; if that is done

89

一方でippou deOn one hand, on the other hand

90

てでもte demoEven if I have to; by all means~

91

どころかdokoro kaFar from; anything but; let alone

92

ちっとも～ないchitto mo~nai(not) at all; (not) in the least

93

からしてkara shiteJudging from; based on; since; from

94

逆にgyaku niConversely; on the contrary

95

に限ってni kagitteOnly; in particular~

96

せっかくsekkakuEspecially; (thank you for) troubling to

97

ぬnuNegative verb conjugation (traditional)

98

上jouFor the sake of; from the standpoint of

99

げgeLooks like; seems like; appears to

100

というものだto iu mono daSomething like; something called~

101

てまでte madeEven; will go far so as to~

102

はもとよりwa moto yoriAlso; let alone; from the beginning

103

て以来te iraiSince; henceforth~

104

ことだからkoto dakaraBecause; since~

105

わずかにwazuka niSlightly; only; barely; narrowly~

106

に応じてni oujiteDepending on; in accordance with

107

あげくagekuTo end up; in the end; finally; after all

108

ようではyou dewaIf~ (bad result)

109

少なくともsukunaku tomoAt least~

110

次第でshidai deDepending on; so~

111

かねるkaneruUnable to do something; can’t do~

112

そう言えばsou iebaCome to think of it~

113

ていてはte ite waIf one keeps doing~

114

ざるを得ないzaru o enaiCannot help (doing); have no choice but

115

ところだったtokoro dattaWas just about to do something

116

の上ではno ue de waAccording to; from the viewpoint of~

117

にあたってni atatteAt the time; on the occasion of~

118

からにはkara niwaNow that; since; so long as; because

119

てこそte kosoNow that; since (something happened)

120

てならないte naranaiCan't help but; dying to; extremely~

121

を除いてo nozoiteExcept; with the exception of

122

一気にikki niIn one go; without stopping; all at once

123

とっくにtokku niLong ago; already; a long time ago

124

まだしもmadashimoRather; better

125

ないではいられないnai dewa irarenaiCan’t help but feel; can’t help but do

126

はともかくwa tomokakuAnyhow; anyway; regardless

127

てはいられないtewa irarenaiCan’t afford to; unable to~

128

にわたってni watatteThroughout; over a period of

129

にしたらni shitaraFrom one’s perspective

130

にしろ～にしろni shiro~ni shiroWhether… or~

131

に限るni kagiruIs best; nothing is better than~

132

てたまらないte tamaranaiCan't help but; dying to; extremely~

133

抜くnukuFrom beginning to end; completely

134

からこそkara kosoPrecisely because

135

かねないkanenai(someone) might do something

136

どころではないdokoro dewa naiNot the time for; far from

137

を問わずo towazuRegardless of; irrespective of; no matter

138

に限らずni kagirazuNot just; not only.. but also~

139

ところを見るとtokoro o miru toJudging from; seeing that~

140

もかまわずmo kamawazuWithout caring; without worrying

141

というふうにto iu fuu niIn such a way that~

142

からと言ってkara to itteJust because; even if; even though~

143

に加えてni kuwaeteIn addition

144

かと思ったらka to omottaraJust when; no sooner than

145

ろくに～ないroku ni~naiNot well; not enough; improperly

146

果たしてhatashiteAs was expected; sure enough; really

147

から言うとkara iu toIn terms of; from the point of view of

148

だけあってdake atteBeing the case; precisely because

149

ずに済むzu ni sumuGet by without doing~

150

に沿ってni sotteAlong with; in accordance with

151

に際してni saishiteOn the occasion of; at the time of

152

でしかないde shika naiMerely; nothing but; no more than

153

に決まっているni kimatte iruCertainly; I’m sure/certain that

154

恐れがあるosore ga aruIt is feared that; to be in danger of

155

をめぐってo megutteConcerning; in regard to~

156

もう少しでmou sukoshi deAlmost; nearly, close to~

157

それなのにsore na noniAnd yet; despite this; but even so~

158

に応えてni kotaeteIn response to

159

お～願うo~negauPlease do; could you please~

160

っこないkkonaiNo chance of; definitely not possible

161

からするとkara suru toJudging from; considering

162

反面hanmenWhile, although; on the other hand

163

にも関わらずnimo kakawarazuDespite; in spite of; nevertheless

164

に伴ってni tomonatteAs; due to; with; along with; following

165

と考えられるto kangaerareruOne can think that; it is conceivable that

166

抜きにしてnuki ni shiteWithout; leaving out; cutting out~

167

のももっともだno mo motto mo daNo wonder; …is only natural

168

に関わるni kakawaruTo relate to; to have to do with

169

なくはないnaku wa naiIt’s not that; I may (double negative)

170

甲斐があるkai ga aruIt’s worth one’s efforts to do something

171

だけのことはあるdake no koto wa aruAs expected of; not for nothing

172

に基づいてni motozuiteBased on; on the basis of

173

ようではないかyou dewa nai kaLet’s do (something); why don’t we~

174

というものではないto iu mono dewa naiThere is no guarantee that~

175

幸いなことにsaiwai na koto niFortunately; luckily; thankfully~

176

に先立ちni sakidachiBefore; prior to

177

ことにはならないkoto niwa naranaiJust because… doesn’t mean~

178

をもとにo moto niBased on; derived from; building on

179

を契機にo keiki niAs a good opportunity/chance to

180

ないことには～ないnai koto niwa~naiUnless you~

181

ようか～まいかyou ka~mai kaWhether or not; considering options

182

よりほかないyori hoka naiTo have no choice but~

183

より [2]yoriFrom~ (a time, place, or person)

184

て当然だte touzen daNatural; as a matter of course

185

てばかりはいられないte bakari wa irarenaiCan’t keep doing~

186

に越したことはないni koshita koto wa naiIt’s best that, nothing better than

187

に関わらずni kakawarazuIn spite of; regardless of~

188

にほかならないni hoka naranaiNothing but; none other than~

189

なくて済むnakute sumuGet by without doing~

190

も当然だmo touzen daIt’s only natural; no wonder

191

くせしてkuse shiteAlthough~; despite the fact that~

192

か～ないかのうちにka~nai ka no uchi niJust as; right after; as soon as

193

がきっかけでga kikkake deAs a result of; taking advantage of

194

だけましだdake mashi daIt’s better than; should feel grateful for

195

ちなみにchinaminiBy the way; incidentally