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いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては
N1 GRAMMAR ⏱ 0s study 📖 0 today
ikan da / ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte wa
in accordance with; depending on ~
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いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては
ikan da / ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte wa
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in accordance with; depending on ~
N1
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📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level N1
Advanced · Literary, rhetorical & rare forms
Reading ikan da / ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte wa
Post ID 51226
Patterns today 0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes

in accordance with; depending on ~

📖 How to use it

This pattern expresses that something depends on or varies according to a particular factor, often used in formal or written contexts.

Attaches to Attach to a noun directly (e.g., 努力いかん), or to a noun followed by の (e.g., 努力のいかん). In the forms ~いかんでは and ~いかんによっては, attach to the noun + いかん then the particle.

This pattern is used to say that a result or situation is determined by a specific condition or factor. It is similar to ~次第だ/~次第で, but いかん is more formal and often appears in written language, official statements, or business contexts. It can be translated as 'depending on' or 'in accordance with'. The nuance is that the outcome is not fixed but hinges on the factor mentioned. For example, 成功するかどうかは努力いかんにかかっている means 'Whether you succeed depends on your effort.' The pattern often appears in set expressions like ~いかんにかかっている (depends on) or ~いかんによっては (depending on, in some cases). Note that いかん can also be written as 如何, but in modern Japanese it is usually written in hiragana. This pattern is quite formal; in casual conversation, you would use 次第で or による instead.

試験の結果いかんでは、来年のクラスが決まる。
Shiken no kekka ikan dewa, rainen no kurasu ga kimaru.
Depending on the exam results, next year's class will be decided.
彼の態度いかんによっては、契約を結んでもいい。
Kare no taido ikan ni yotte wa, keiyaku o musunde mo ii.
Depending on his attitude, we may be willing to sign the contract.
この計画の成否は、チームの協力いかんにかかっている。
Kono keikaku no seihi wa, chiimu no kyouryoku ikan ni kakotte iru.
The success or failure of this plan depends on the team's cooperation.
Not ~次第だ/~次第で Both mean 'depending on', but いかん is more formal and often used in written or official contexts. ~次第 is common in both speaking and writing. Also, いかん often appears in fixed patterns like ~いかんにかかっている, while 次第 is more flexible.
Register This pattern is formal and mostly used in written Japanese, official announcements, or careful speech; it is not typical in casual conversation.
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いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては
📚 How to Master This Pattern
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Compose two original sentences using いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
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❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては mean? ▼
In accordance with; depending on ~
What JLPT level is いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては? ▼
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N1 — Advanced · Literary, rhetorical & rare forms. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては in a sentence? ▼
Attach いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては (ikan da / ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte wa) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては formal or casual Japanese? ▼
いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては is used in formal or written contexts. You will see it mainly in written texts, news, business Japanese and academic contexts.
How can I remember いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては long-term? ▼
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.