いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず
🃏 Flashcard
いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず
ikan ni kakawarazu / ikan ni yorazu /ikan o towazu
Tap to reveal usage
regardless of; whether or not ~
N1
Tap to test your recall · +10 XP
📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level
N1
Advanced · Literary, rhetorical & rare forms
Reading
ikan ni kakawarazu / ikan ni yorazu /ikan o towazu
Post ID
51227
Patterns today
0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes
regardless of; whether or not ~
📖 How to use it
Expresses 'regardless of' with a formal, written tone, often used in official contexts.
Attaches to
Attaches to a noun (often with の) or a clause ending in か (e.g., するか, であるか) followed by いかんにかかわらず / いかんによらず / いかんをとわず.
This pattern is a formal, written expression meaning 'regardless of' or 'whether or not'. It emphasizes that the outcome is unaffected by the condition mentioned. It is often used in official documents, announcements, or speeches. The three forms are interchangeable, with いかんにかかわらず being the most common in modern usage. いかんによらず sounds slightly more literary, and いかんをとわず is a bit older or more legalistic. In speech, you'd rarely use these; instead, you'd say にかかわらず or ても.
理由のいかんにかかわらず、遅刻は認められません。
Riyuu no ikan ni kakawarazu, chikoku wa mitomeraremasen.
Regardless of the reason, lateness is not permitted.
結果のいかんによらず、努力したことは評価されます。
Kekka no ikan ni yorazu, doryoku shita koto wa hyouka saremasu.
Regardless of the outcome, your efforts will be appreciated.
年齢のいかんをとわず、誰でも参加できます。
Nenrei no ikan o towazu, dare demo sanka dekimasu.
Regardless of age, anyone can participate.
Not にかかわらず
にかかわらず attaches directly to a noun or a phrase (e.g., 天気にかかわらず), while いかんにかかわらず uses the noun いかん (meaning 'how') and requires the preceding noun to be marked with の (e.g., 理由のいかんにかかわらず). The pattern with いかん is more formal and emphatic.
Register
Formal and primarily used in written language, such as official notices, contracts, and academic texts; avoid in casual conversation.
🎯 Quick Quiz
What does this grammar pattern mean or do?
いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず
📚 How to Master This Pattern
Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
Flip Before Reading
Always try to recall the usage before flipping the card. Struggle = learning. Every failed recall makes the next one stick harder.
Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
Spaced Review
Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.
🔗 More JLPT N1 Patterns
← Previous
いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによっては
in accordance with; depending on ~
Next →
いかなる
any kind of; every; whatever
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず mean?
▼
Regardless of; whether or not ~
What JLPT level is いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず?
▼
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N1 — Advanced · Literary, rhetorical & rare forms. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず in a sentence?
▼
Attach いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず (ikan ni kakawarazu / ikan ni yorazu /ikan o towazu) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず formal or casual Japanese?
▼
いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず is used in formal or written contexts. You will see it mainly in written texts, news, business Japanese and academic contexts.
How can I remember いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわず long-term?
▼
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.