文法 · Grammar
Every pattern, in the order you will actually meet it.
831 grammar points, ordered by how often each one appears across 4.4 million characters of real Japanese — so you learn から before んがために, which is not what an alphabetical list gives you.
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N1 grammar
243 patterns · most useful first
- 1 というto iu all; every single ~ (no exceptions) ✎
- 2 とはtowa I was surprised that; the fact that ~ ✎
- 3 なりnari as soon as; right after ~ ✎
- 4 にしてni shite at/on/under conditions (time, position) ✎
- 5 ものでmono de because; for that reason ✎
- 6 ようが / ようとyou ga / you to even if; no matter how/what ~ ✎
- 7 つ〜つtsu~tsu and ~ (indicates 2 contrasting actions) ✎
- 8 なんという / なんと/ なんてnan to iu / nanto / nante how (beautiful, etc.); what a ~ ✎
- 9 ものをmono o if only (regret) ✎
- 10 たるもの / たるtaru mono / taru (that) which is; in capacity of ... should ✎
- 11 ってば / ったらtteba / ttara speaking of; I told you already ✎
- 12 というものto iu mono during; for; since; over a period of time ✎
- 13 びる / びて / びたbiru / bite / bita to seem to be; to appear; to behave as ~ ✎
- 14 からある / からする/ からのkara aru / kara suru / kara no at least; as much as; as many as ~ ✎
- 15 すら / ですらsura / de sura even ~ (with emphasis) ✎
- 16 とてtote even; even if/though ~ ✎
- 17 ごとき/ごとく/ごとしgotoki/gotoku/gotoshi like; as if; the same as ~ ✎
- 18 いかにikani how; in what way; to what extent ✎
- 19 ぶる / ぶって / ぶったburu / butte / butta behaving like; to pretend / act like ~ ✎
- 20 なしに / なしでnashi ni / nashi de without; without doing ~ ✎
- 21 をもって /をもちましてo motte /o mochimashite by means of; with; on / at / as of (time) ✎
- 22 ぶり / っぷりburi / ppuri style; manner; way ✎
- 23 とも〜ともtomo~tomo unable to draw a conclusion/ judge ✎
- 24 さもsamo really (seem, appear, etc.); truly; as if ~ ✎
- 25 いかにもikani mo indeed; really; just (like); very ~ ✎
- 26 だに / だにしないdani / dani shinai even; not even ~ ✎
- 27 べくbeku in order to; for the purpose of ~ ✎
- 28 ともなく / ともなしにtomo naku/nashi ni somehow; without knowing/thinking ✎
- 29 ところをtokoro o although (it is a certain time/condition) ✎
- 30 であれ / であろうとde are / de arou to whoever; whatever; however; even ~ ✎
- 31 にあってni atte at; on; during; in the condition of ~ ✎
- 32 までもない / までもなくmade mo nai/naku there's no need to; not necessary to ~ ✎
- 33 たところでta tokoro de even if; no matter (who, what, when...) ✎
- 34 なり〜なりnari~nari [A] or [B] or something; for instance ~ ✎
- 35 だの〜だのdano~dano and; and the like; and so forth ~ ✎
- 36 なりに / なりのnari ni / nari no suitable; in one's own way/style ✎
- 37 手前temae considering; before; one’s standpoint ✎
- 38 かつてkatsute once; before; formerly; former; ex- ✎
- 39 何しろnani shiro anyway; because; as you know ~ ✎
- 40 に至る / に至ったni itaru / ni itatta leads to; come to a conclusion ✎
- 41 やしないya shinai should do, but don't; there's no way ~ ✎
- 42 ではあるまいかdewa arumai ka isn't it; I wonder if it’s not ~ ✎
- 43 もはやmohaya already; now; no longer; not anymore ✎
- 44 となると / となればto naru to / to nareba when it comes to; in such a case ✎
- 45 めくmeku seems; show signs of ~ ✎
- 46 べからず / べからざるbekarazu/ bekarazaru must not; should not; do not ~ ✎
- 47 ことごとくkoto gotoku altogether; entirely; completely ~ ✎
- 48 いかなるikanaru any kind of; every; whatever ✎
- 49 とはいえtowa ie though; although; nonetheless ✎
- 50 んばかりにn bakari ni as if; as though ~ ✎
- 51 じみたjimita to become; to appear like; to look like ~ ✎
- 52 や否やya ina ya as soon as; the moment ~ ✎
- 53 もしくはmoshikuwa or; otherwise ✎
- 54 ながらに / ながらのnagara ni/no while; without change ✎
- 55 もしないでmo shinai de without even doing ~ ✎
- 56 さぞsazo surely; certainly; no doubt; indeed ~ ✎
- 57 並みnami average; equal to; on par with ~ ✎
- 58 ばこそba koso only because ~ ✎
- 59 ものとしてmono toshite to assume; to suppose ~ ✎
- 60 かたわらkatawara while; at the same time; in addition ✎
- 61 およそoyoso about; roughly; generally; completely ~ ✎
- 62 といい〜といいto ii~to ii both ... and; whether it be ... or ~ ✎
- 63 まみれmamire covered with; stained; smeared with ~ ✎
- 64 なりともnari tomo at least; even just a little ✎
- 65 を押して /を押し切ってo oshite /o oshikitte to overcome (opposition) ✎
- 66 が早いかga hayai ka no sooner than; as soon as ~ ✎
- 67 に至るまでni itaru made as far as; everything from ... to ~ ✎
- 68 を控えてo hikaete to be soon; the time has come to ~ ✎
- 69 までだ / までのことだmade da/no koto da only; just; nothing else ✎
- 70 に至ってはni ittate wa when it comes to; as for ~ ✎
- 71 といえどもto ie domo even if; even though; despite ~ ✎
- 72 てみせるte miseru I’ll do my best; I'll show you ~ ✎
- 73 にかかっては /にかかったら / にかかると / かかればni kakatte wa / ni kakattara / ni kakaru to / kakareba when handled by (N), becomes a different result ✎
- 74 ないものか /ないものだろうかnai mono ka / nai mono darou ka isn't there; can’t we…?; can’t I…? ✎
- 75 ないまでもnai made mo not to say; does not reach the level of~ ✎
- 76 折にori ni when; at the time; on the occasion ~ ✎
- 77 を経てo hete through; by way of; after; via ~ ✎
- 78 かれ〜かれkare~kare sooner or later; more or less ✎
- 79 のやら / ものやら /ことやらno yara / mono yara/ koto yara I wonder..; unsure; I don’t know ~ ✎
- 80 ことこの上ない / この上ない / この上なくkoto kono ue nai / kono ue nai / kono ue naku the most of all; the best; nothing is more ... than ~ ✎
- 81 がましいgamashii look like; sound like; somewhat like ~ ✎
- 82 どうにも〜ないdou nimo~nai not … by any means ✎
- 83 極まる / 極まりないkiwamaru/ kiwamarinai extremely; very ~ ✎
- 84 かたがたkatagata while; at the same time; incidentally ~ ✎
- 85 にしたところで /としたところでni shita tokoro de / to shita tokoro de even if; even supposing that ~ ✎
- 86 には及ばないniwa oyobanai there is no need to; no match for ~ ✎
- 87 に足る / に足りるni taru/tariru can do; worthy; worth doing ✎
- 88 こそ「〜が・けれど」koso~ga/keredo but; although (emphasis) ✎
- 89 放題houdai doing as one pleases; uncontrolled ✎
- 90 たら最後 / たが最後tara saigo / taga saigo if you do... negative result ✎
- 91 に〜を重ねてni~o kasanete success after continuous (effort) ✎
- 92 ことなしにkoto nashi ni without doing something ✎
- 93 いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよizure ni shitemo / izure ni shiro / izure ni seyo anyhow; anyway; in any case ~ ✎
- 94 案の定an no jou just as one thought; sure enough ✎
- 95 た弾みに /た拍子にta hazumi ni / ta hyoushi ni the moment [A], unintentionally caused something to happen ✎
- 96 あらかじめarakajime beforehand; in advance; previously ✎
- 97 ようが〜ようが /ようと〜ようとyou ga~you ga / you to~you to no matter; whether; even if [A] or [B] ✎
- 98 ないとも限らないnai tomo kagiranai not necessarily; maybe; might ~ ✎
- 99 まじきmajiki should not; must not ~ ✎
- 100 にかかっているni kakatteiru depending on ~ ✎
- 101 ともすればtomo sureba apt to (do); tend to; liable to; prone to ~ ✎
- 102 くらいならkurai nara rather than (do ...) ✎
- 103 こととてkoto tote because; since ~ ✎
- 104 がてらgatera while; at the same time; coincidentally ✎
- 105 を兼ねてo kanete also for the purpose of ~ ✎
- 106 やれ〜やれyare~yare give 2 representative examples (negative) ✎
- 107 たりともtari tomo not even; not any ~ ✎
- 108 思いをするomoi o suru to think; to feel ~ ✎
- 109 に足らない/に足りないni taranai/tarinai cannot; not worthy; not worth doing ~ ✎
- 110 とあってto atte due to the fact that; because of ~ ✎
- 111 にも増してnimo mashite more than…; above ~ ✎
- 112 に忍びないni shinobinai cannot bring oneself (to do) ✎
- 113 でも何でもない /くも何ともないdemo nan demo nai / kumo nan tomo nai not in the least; nothing like that ✎
- 114 あくまでもakumade mo to the end; persistently; is still very ~ ✎
- 115 を境にo sakai ni since ~ (indicates large change) ✎
- 116 はおろかwa oroka let alone; needless to say ~ ✎
- 117 始末だshimatsu da in the end; as a result (negative) ✎
- 118 まくるmakuru to do over and over again ✎
- 119 まるっきりmarukkiri completely; totally; (not) at all ~ ✎
- 120 とっさにtossa ni at once; right away; promptly ✎
- 121 わwa feminine sentence ending particle ✎
- 122 さsa ending particle; indicates assertion ✎
- 123 にni and; in addition to ✎
- 124 ときたらtokitara when it comes to; concerning ~ ✎
- 125 といわず〜といわずto iwazu~to iwazu both; not only A or B, but (overall) ~ ✎
- 126 を禁じ得ないo kinji enai can’t help but; can’t refrain from ~ ✎
- 127 に照らしてni terashite according to; in view of; in light of ~ ✎
- 128 尽くすtsukusu to use up (completely) ✎
- 129 というわけだto iu wake da that's why; no wonder ~ ✎
- 130 というところだ /といったところだto iu tokoro da / to itta tokoro da at the most; no more than; roughly ~ ✎
- 131 でもあり〜でもあるdemo ari~demo aru to also be; both… and ~ ✎
- 132 敢えてaete dare to; deliberately; purposely ~ ✎
- 133 たことにする /たことになるta koto ni suru / ta koto ni naru pretend to; contrary to the truth ~ ✎
- 134 そばからsoba kara as soon as; right after ~ ✎
- 135 によらずni yorazu regardless of ~ ✎
- 136 ならではnara dewa distinctive of; uniquely applying to ~ ✎
- 137 こそすれkoso sure and; although; but ~ ✎
- 138 こそあれkoso are although; even though ~ ✎
- 139 だろうにdarou ni (1) surely..., but ~ (2) should have ~ ✎
- 140 あってのatte no which can exist solely due to ✎
- 141 ても知らないtemo shiranai if continue... you'll end up / I don't care ✎
- 142 とあればto areba if it is the case that; if ~ ✎
- 143 に難くないni katakunai easy to do; it’s not hard to ~ ✎
- 144 に至ってもni itattemo even if; although something ~ ✎
- 145 か否かka ina ka whether or not ~ ✎
- 146 に値するni atai suru to be worth; to be worthy of ~ ✎
- 147 とりわけtoriwake especially; above all ~ ✎
- 148 ともあろうものがtomo arou mono ga of all people... (surprise) ✎
- 149 の至りno itari utmost; extremely ~ ✎
- 150 なくしてはnakushite wa cannot do without ~ ✎
- 151 んがためにn ga tame ni in order to ~ ✎
- 152 が/も〜なら、〜も〜だga/mo~nara, ~mo~da negative connection/comparison ✎
- 153 ではあるまいしdewa arumai shi it’s not like; it isn’t as if ~ ✎
- 154 とばかりにto bakari ni as if to say; as though~ ✎
- 155 に即してni sokushite according to; to be based on ~ ✎
- 156 と見るやto miru ya at the sight of; after confirming ~ ✎
- 157 というか〜というかto iu ka~to iu ka or rather; I mean ~ ✎
- 158 をよそにo yoso ni despite; without regards to ~ ✎
- 159 に則ってni nottotte based on; according to ~ ✎
- 160 にまつわるni matsuwaru to be related to; to concern with ~ ✎
- 161 にかこつけてni kako tsukete to use as a pretext; to use as an excuse ✎
- 162 に引き換えni hikikae compared to; in contrast to; unlike ~ ✎
- 163 ないものでもないnai mono demo nai is not entirely impossible ✎
- 164 もさることながらmo saru koto nagara not only... but also ~ ✎
- 165 くらいのものだkurai no mono da only (emphasis) ✎
- 166 甲斐もなくkai mo naku despite; even though ~ ✎
- 167 限りだkagiri da to feel strongly ✎
- 168 ばそれまでだ /たらそれまでだba sore made da / tara sore made da if… then it’s over ✎
- 169 てやまないte yamanai always; never stop; can’t help but ~ ✎
- 170 てからというものte kara to iu mono ever since ~ ✎
- 171 を顧みず / も顧みずo/mo kaerimizu despite; regardless of ~ ✎
- 172 をいいことにo ii koto ni to take advantage of ~ ✎
- 173 のなんのってno nan notte extremely ~ (cannot express in words) ✎
- 174 わ〜わでwa~wade and (list neg. things happening at same time) ✎
- 175 としたことがtoshita koto ga of all people, who would have thought? ✎
- 176 とされるto sareru is considered to; it is said that ~ ✎
- 177 といったらないto ittara nai extremely; nothing more ... than this ✎
- 178 たら〜たでtara~tade if / in the case... of course / should ~ ✎
- 179 を余儀なくされるo yogi naku sareru forced to do something (no choice) ✎
- 180 を限りにo kagiri ni starting from; the last time ✎
- 181 を踏まえてo fumaete to be based on; to take into account ~ ✎
- 182 のやら〜のやらno yara~no yara or ~ (I don't know) ✎
- 183 には当たらないniwa ataranai it’s not worth; there’s no need to ~ ✎
- 184 に耐える / に耐えないni taeru / ni taenai worth doing; cannot bear doing ~ ✎
- 185 ものとするmono to suru shall; to assume; understood as ~ ✎
- 186 も同然だmo douzen da just like; same as~ ✎
- 187 きってのkitte no the most / greatest … of all ✎
- 188 ぐるみgurumi together (with); -wide ✎
- 189 べくしてbeku shite as it is bound to (happen) ✎
- 190 べくもないbeku mo nai cannot possibly be ~ ✎
- 191 とみるとto miru to as soon as one realizes ..., then ~ ✎
- 192 に言わせればni iwasereba if you ask; if one may say ~ ✎
- 193 にかまけてni kamakete to be too busy; to focus only on ~ ✎
- 194 はさておきwa sateoki setting aside ~ ✎
- 195 というわけではないto iu wake dewa nai it’s not that; it doesn’t mean that ~ ✎
- 196 てしかるべきだte shikaru beki da should; appropriate; natural to do ~ ✎
- 197 ためしがないtameshi ga nai is never the case; have never heard of ~ ✎
- 198 ただ〜のみだtada~nomi da can do nothing but; only ~ ✎
- 199 損なう / 損ねる /損じるsokonau / sokoneru/ sonjiru to fail to; miss a chance ✎
- 200 さもないとsamonaito otherwise; or else; if not ~ ✎
- 201 をおいて〜ないo oite~nai can only be; no alternative, only ~ ✎
- 202 を機にo ki ni as an opportunity/chance to ~ ✎
- 203 を皮切りにo kawakiri ni one after another; starting with ~ ✎
- 204 の極みno kiwami utmost; extremely ~ ✎
- 205 にとどまらずni todomarazu not limited to; not only… but also ~ ✎
- 206 に限ったことではないni kagitta koto dewa nai not limited to only ~ ✎
- 207 ものと思われる /ものと見られるmono to omowareru/ mirareru to think; to suppose; it is believed/expected that ~ ✎
- 208 ことのないようにkoto no nai you ni so as not to; to not ~ ✎
- 209 嫌いがあるkirai ga aru bad habit; to have a tendency to ~ ✎
- 210 可能性があるkanousei ga aru may/might; there’s a possibility that ~ ✎
- 211 羽目になるhame ni naru to get stuck with (unpleasant) ✎
- 212 では済まないdewa sumanai it doesn’t end with just ~ ✎
- 213 でなくてなんだろうdenakute nan darou must be; is definitely ~ ✎
- 214 であれ〜であれde are~de are whether [A] or [B] ✎
- 215 と相まってto aimatte together with..., more ~ ✎
- 216 をものともせずにo mono tomo sezuni in defiance; not losing to/worrying about ~ ✎
- 217 はそっちのけで /をそっちのけでwa socchinoke de / o socchinoke de ignoring (one thing) for (another) ✎
- 218 にもほどがあるnimo hodo ga aru to go too far ✎
- 219 こともあってkoto mo atte partly because; also because of ~ ✎
- 220 かと思いきやka to omoikiya contrary to expectations ✎
- 221 はどうであれwa dou de are however; whatever ~ ✎
- 222 うちに入らないuchi ni hairanai not really; can't be regarded as ~ ✎
- 223 とは打って変わって/ とは打って変わりtowa utte kawatte / to wa utte kawari unlike; very different from ~ ✎
- 224 とは比べものにならないtowa kurabemono ni naranai can't compare with ~ ✎
- 225 ときているto kiteiru because of ~ ✎
- 226 と言えなくもないto ienaku mo nai it can also be said that ~ ✎
- 227 ても差し支えないtemo sashitsukaenai can ~; it’s okay if ~ (compromise) ✎
- 228 てもどうにもならないtemo dou ni mo naranai it's no use; can't do anything ✎
- 229 て済むことではないte sumu koto dewa nai ~ is not enough to solve the problem ✎
- 230 て敵わないte kanawanai can't bear to; unable to; troublesome to ✎
- 231 たら〜ところだtara~tokoro da if... (counterfactual), then would be ~ ✎
- 232 たつもりはないta tsumori wa nai have no intention to / didn't mean to ~ ✎
- 233 術がないsube ga nai there is no way / means; cannot do ~ ✎
- 234 そびれるsobireru to miss a chance; to fail to do ~ ✎
- 235 を前提としてo zentei toshite with the intention to; on the condition ✎
- 236 には無理があるni wa muri ga aru difficult to do; is unreasonable ✎
- 237 に先駆けてni sakigakete prior to; being ahead of ~ ✎
- 238 ならいざしらず /はいざしらずnara iza shirazu / wa iza shirazu I don't know about ... but ~ ✎
- 239 切りがないkiri ga nai endless; boundless; there’s no end to ~ ✎
- 240 いかんにかかわらず /いかんによらず /いかんをとわずikan ni kakawarazu / ikan ni yorazu /ikan o towazu regardless of; whether or not ~ ✎
- 241 いかんだ / いかんでは/ いかんによってはikan da / ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte wa in accordance with; depending on ~ ✎
- 242 ほうがましだhou ga mashi da better than; would rather ~ ✎
- 243 ほどのことではないhodo no koto dewa nai it's not worth; no need to ~ ✎
Order is measured, not assigned: each pattern is counted against the site’s book corpus, with a 〜 treated as a slot so あまり〜ない is matched as one discontinuous pattern rather than as the word ない. A few entries name a category rather than a form — “i-adjectives”, 受身形 — and have nothing countable, so they sit mid-level instead of being sorted to the bottom.