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をもとに
N2 GRAMMAR ⏱ 0s study 📖 0 today
o moto ni
based on; derived from; building on
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🃏 Flashcard
をもとに
o moto ni
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based on; derived from; building on
N2
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📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level N2
Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage
Reading o moto ni
Post ID 51118
Patterns today 0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes

based on; derived from; building on

📖 How to use it

This pattern expresses that something is based on or derived from a source, foundation, or prior work.

Attaches to Attach to a noun directly: noun + をもとに (or をもとにして). The noun can be an event, data, experience, work, etc. For verbs, nominalize first (e.g., 調べた結果をもとに).

You use をもとに to say that you create, decide, or do something using a particular basis. The basis is the foundation, and what you do is built on it. It often appears in formal or written contexts, like reports, explanations, or announcements. A similar but more casual spoken form is をもとにして, which can be followed by a verb if needed (e.g., をもとにしている).

Think of it as 'with X as the basis' or 'drawing on X.' The source (the noun before をもとに) is what you rely on, and the result (what comes after) is what you make or conclude. It is neutral in tone, but more common in writing than in everyday chat.

Note that you cannot just attach it to a plain verb form. If you need to base something on an action, turn that action into a noun phrase first, like 調査の結果 (results of investigation) or データ (data).

この映画は実際の事件をもとに作られた。
Kono eiga wa jissai no jiken o moto ni tsukurareta.
This movie was made based on a real incident.
アンケートの結果をもとに、新しい商品を開発した。
Ankēto no kekka o moto ni, atarashii shōhin o kaihatsu shita.
We developed a new product based on the survey results.
先生のアドバイスをもとに、レポートを書き直した。
Sensei no adobaisu o moto ni, repōto o kakinaoshita.
I rewrote my report based on my teacher's advice.
Not に基づいて (ni motozuite) They are nearly interchangeable, but に基づいて sounds more formal and is used for rules, laws, or systems. をもとに is more flexible for everyday sources like data or advice.
Register Neutral to formal; common in written Japanese and public announcements, but acceptable in speech when explaining something carefully.
🎯 Quick Quiz
What does this grammar pattern mean or do?
をもとに
📚 How to Master This Pattern
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Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat をもとに three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
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Flip Before Reading
Always try to recall the usage before flipping the card. Struggle = learning. Every failed recall makes the next one stick harder.
✍️
Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using をもとに. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
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Spaced Review
Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern をもとに mean? ▼
Based on; derived from; building on
What JLPT level is をもとに? ▼
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N2 — Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use をもとに in a sentence? ▼
Attach をもとに (o moto ni) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is をもとに formal or casual Japanese? ▼
をもとに is used in formal or written contexts. You will see it mainly in written texts, news, business Japanese and academic contexts.
How can I remember をもとに long-term? ▼
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.