in spite of; regardless of~ (に関わらず) – Japanese Grammar に関わらず (ni kakawarazu)

Q: What JLPT level is に関わらず?

JLPT N2 — Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage

Q: How do you use に関わらず in a sentence?

Attach に関わらず to the appropriate verb or noun form. In spite of; regardless of~

Q: Is に関わらず formal or casual Japanese?

に関わらず is typically used in formal or written Japanese contexts.

に関わらず

N2 GRAMMAR ⏱ 0s study 📖 0 today

ni kakawarazu

in spite of; regardless of~

つつある tsutsu aru ないではいられない nai dewa irarenai のみならず nominarazu ところに tokoro ni くせして kuse shite よりほかない yori hoka nai も当然だ mo touzen da かと思ったら ka to omottara の上では no ue de wa ものだ mono da 中を /中では naka o /naka dewa かえって kaette ことなく koto naku 上 jou どころか dokoro ka に関わる ni kakawaru てはいられない tewa irarenai 得る eru / uru ていては te ite wa 以上に ijou ni つつある tsutsu aru ないではいられない nai dewa irarenai のみならず nominarazu ところに tokoro ni くせして kuse shite よりほかない yori hoka nai も当然だ mo touzen da かと思ったら ka to omottara の上では no ue de wa ものだ mono da 中を /中では naka o /naka dewa かえって kaette ことなく koto naku 上 jou どころか dokoro ka に関わる ni kakawaru てはいられない tewa irarenai 得る eru / uru ていては te ite wa 以上に ijou ni

🃏 Flashcard

に関わらず

ni kakawarazu

Tap to reveal usage

in spite of; regardless of~

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📊 Pattern Stats

JLPT Level N2

Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage

Reading ni kakawarazu

Post ID 51085

Patterns today 0

0 / 10 daily goal

📝 Usage Notes

in spite of; regardless of~

📖 How to use it

Expresses that something happens or is true regardless of a condition or difference.

Attaches to Attach to a noun (e.g. 天候), or to a clause in plain form — typically a verb in affirmative/negative, or a noun + だ (which is often omitted before に関わらず). Pairs like 好き嫌い or 経験の有無 are noun-based expressions.

This pattern means 'regardless of' or 'in spite of'. It shows that a result is not affected by the thing mentioned. You can use it with nouns (like 年齢 (age) or 性別 (gender)) or with a whole clause (like 行くか行かないか (whether to go or not)).

When you use it with a verb, the verb should be in plain form, and it can be either affirmative or negative. For example, するしないに関わらず means 'regardless of whether you do it or not'. With nouns, it is common to see pairs like 好き嫌い (likes and dislikes) or 経験の有無 (experience or not).

This is a fairly formal pattern, often used in written notices, announcements, or speeches. In everyday conversation, you might hear it, but it gives a stiff, official tone. A more casual way is not standard; 〜にかかわらず is a variant of the same form. 〜を問わず is also formal and used in writing.

年齢に関わらず、誰でもこの大会に参加できます。

Nenrei ni kakawarazu, dare demo kono taikai ni sanka dekimasu.

Regardless of age, anyone can participate in this tournament.

雨が降るか降らないかに関わらず、試合は予定通り行います。

Ame ga furu ka furanai ka ni kakawarazu, shiai wa yotei doori okonaimasu.

Regardless of whether it rains or not, the game will be held as scheduled.

経験の有無に関わらず、やる気があれば応募してください。

Keiken no umu ni kakawarazu, yaruki ga areba oubo shite kudasai.

Regardless of whether you have experience, please apply if you have motivation.

Not を問わず Both mean 'regardless of', but を問わず is more formal and used mostly in written Japanese, while に関わらず is also formal and can appear in spoken formal contexts.

Register Formal and primarily used in written Japanese or formal speech, such as notices, guidelines, or business contexts.

🎯 Quick Quiz

What does this grammar pattern mean or do?

に関わらず

📚 How to Master This Pattern

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Say It Aloud

Press Hear it and repeat に関わらず three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.

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Flip Before Reading

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Write Two Sentences

Compose two original sentences using に関わらず. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.

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Spaced Review

Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.

🔗 More JLPT N2 Patterns

to relate to; to have to do with

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What does the grammar pattern に関わらず mean? ▼

In spite of; regardless of~

What JLPT level is に関わらず? ▼

Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N2 — Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.

How do you use に関わらず in a sentence? ▼

Attach に関わらず (ni kakawarazu) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.

Is に関わらず formal or casual Japanese? ▼

に関わらず is used in formal or written contexts. You will see it mainly in written texts, news, business Japanese and academic contexts.

How can I remember に関わらず long-term? ▼

Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.