及び
oyobi
And; as well as~
A formal conjunction meaning 'and' or 'as well as', used to join nouns in written and official language.
How to form it
Attaches directly between two nouns, or between two noun phrases, in the pattern: Noun A 及び Noun B.
What it means
及び is a formal, written-language equivalent of と or や. It joins nouns or noun phrases, not clauses. You will see it in legal documents, contracts, academic papers, news reports, and official notices. In speech, it sounds stiff and unnatural; use と instead. Note that 及び is a conjunction, so no particle is needed before or after it—just place it between the nouns. It can also be used to list multiple items, where it typically appears before the final item.
Example sentences
本会議の議長及び副議長を選出する。
Honkaigi no gichō oyobi fukugichō o sen shutsu suru.
We will elect the chairperson and vice-chairperson of this meeting.
入場料は大人500円及び子供200円です。
Nyūjōryō wa otona gohyaku en oyobi kodomo nihyaku en desu.
Admission is 500 yen for adults and 200 yen for children.
この書類には氏名、住所及び電話番号を記入してください。
Kono shorui ni wa shimei, jūsho oyobi denwa bangō o kinyū shite kudasai.
Please fill in your name, address, and phone number on this form.
Don’t confuse it with
と
と is used in both speech and writing to list nouns. 及び is strictly formal and used mainly in official or legal contexts. For everyday sentences, use と; for written documents, 及び is appropriate.
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Very formal and almost exclusively written; found in official documents, legal texts, and academic writing—uncommon in casual conversation.
Next in the N2 path
71Questions
What does 及び mean?
And; as well as~. A formal conjunction meaning 'and' or 'as well as', used to join nouns in written and official language.
How do you form 及び?
Attaches directly between two nouns, or between two noun phrases, in the pattern: Noun A 及び Noun B.
Example of 及び in a sentence
本会議の議長及び副議長を選出する。 — We will elect the chairperson and vice-chairperson of this meeting.
と — what is the difference?
と is used in both speech and writing to list nouns. 及び is strictly formal and used mainly in official or legal contexts. For everyday sentences, use と; for written documents, 及び is appropriate.
What JLPT level is 及び?
JLPT N2 (upper intermediate), number 70 of 195 in Nihoner's learning order for N2.
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