as was expected; sure enough; really
Used to confirm an expected result or to express doubt about whether something is really true.
果たして has two main uses. The first is like 'sure enough' or 'as expected' — you use it when something happens exactly as you predicted. It often appears with やはり or 思ったとおり in the same sentence. Example: 果たして、彼は来なかった。 The second use is with a question or negative expression, meaning 'really?' or 'actually?' — you doubt whether something is true or will happen. Example: 果たして本当だろうか。 In this use it often goes with どうか, だろうか, or かどうか. It is somewhat formal and more common in writing or careful speech; in casual conversation people often use やっぱり for the first meaning and 本当に for the second.