の下で
🃏 Flashcard
の下で
no moto de
Tap to reveal usage
under; with~
N2
Tap to test your recall · +10 XP
📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level
N2
Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage
Reading
no moto de
Post ID
51110
Patterns today
0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes
under; with~
📖 How to use it
Expresses doing something under someone's leadership, influence, or conditions.
Attaches to
Attaches to a noun: noun + の下で (e.g., 先生の下で, 方針の下で).
の下で literally means 'under' and is used to indicate that an action or situation occurs under a certain authority, guidance, or set of rules. It often appears in formal contexts like reports, announcements, or interviews. You can say you studied under a famous professor, worked under a new policy, or lived under a military regime. The noun before の下で is usually not a physical object but something abstract like a person of authority, an organization, or a principle.
この研究は田中教授の下で行いました。
Kono kenkyū wa Tanaka kyōju no moto de okonaimashita.
I conducted this research under Professor Tanaka.
新しい法律の下で、外国人の労働条件が変わった。
Atarashii hōritsu no moto de, gaikokujin no rōdō jōken ga kawatta.
Under the new law, working conditions for foreigners have changed.
彼女は厳しいコーチの下で毎日練習している。
Kanojo wa kibishii kōchi no moto de mainichi renshū shite iru.
She practices every day under a strict coach.
Not で (particle) or に従って (ni shitagatte)
で can indicate location or means, but の下で specifically adds a sense of authority or conditions. に従って means 'in accordance with' and attaches to rules or instructions, while の下で can also attach to people or organizations.
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This pattern is mostly used in written or formal spoken Japanese; in casual conversation, you might use のところで or just で.
🎯 Quick Quiz
What does this grammar pattern mean or do?
の下で
📚 How to Master This Pattern
Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat の下で three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
Flip Before Reading
Always try to recall the usage before flipping the card. Struggle = learning. Every failed recall makes the next one stick harder.
Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using の下で. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
Spaced Review
Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.
🔗 More JLPT N2 Patterns
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern の下で mean?
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Under; with~
What JLPT level is の下で?
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Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N2 — Upper-Intermediate · Academic & formal usage. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use の下で in a sentence?
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Attach の下で (no moto de) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is の下で formal or casual Japanese?
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の下で is used in formal or written contexts. You will see it mainly in written texts, news, business Japanese and academic contexts.
How can I remember の下で long-term?
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Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.