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なら
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nara
if; in the case that ~
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なら
nara
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if; in the case that ~
N4
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📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level N4
Upper-Beginner · Forming complex sentences
Reading nara
Post ID 50735
Patterns today 0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes

if; in the case that ~

📖 How to use it

States a condition: 'if' or 'in the case that', often with a nuance of 'given that' or 'since you mention'.

Attaches to Attach to the plain form of verbs and adjectives (dictionary form, plain past, plain negative), to nouns directly, and to な-adjective stems directly. For い-adjectives, use the plain form (e.g., 高いなら). For verbs, also attach to the ます-stem + たい form (e.g., 行きたいなら).

なら sets a condition, often with a meaning of 'if it is the case that'. Unlike ば or たら, なら often has a nuance of 'given that you mention it' or 'in that situation'. For example, if someone says they are going to the store, you might say 行くなら、卵を買ってきて (If you're going, buy some eggs). It sounds like you are responding to something already known or mentioned.

With nouns and な-adjectives, なら is very common: 学生なら、割引があります (If you are a student, there's a discount). With verbs and adjectives, なら works with the plain form: 雨が降るなら、試合はやめよう (If it rains, let's cancel the match). Note that なら does not require a specific verb form like ば does; it just uses the plain form.

One important point: なら is often used when the condition is a premise or a given fact, rather than a hypothetical. For hypotheticals with 'if', ば or たら are more common. But なら is perfectly natural in everyday speech, especially in responses to offers or suggestions.

時間があるなら、コーヒーでも飲みませんか。
Jikan ga aru nara, koohii demo nomimasen ka.
If you have time, why don't we have some coffee or something?
京都に行くなら、清水寺がおすすめだよ。
Kyooto ni iku nara, Kiyomizudera ga osusume da yo.
If you're going to Kyoto, I recommend Kiyomizu Temple.
学生なら、映画のチケットが半額になります。
Gakusei nara, eiga no chiketto ga hangaku ni narimasu.
If you're a student, movie tickets are half price.
Not ば is used for general conditions and hypotheticals, often with a consequence in the main clause. なら is more like 'if that is the case' and often responds to something already said or known. For example, 雨が降れば、試合は中止だ (If it rains, the game is canceled) is a direct condition. 雨が降るなら、試合は中止だ also works but implies 'if it is the case that it rains (as you say)'. In many contexts they overlap, but なら is safer when the condition is a given or a topic.
Register Neutral and common in both spoken and written Japanese; perfectly fine in everyday conversation.
🎯 Quick Quiz
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なら
📚 How to Master This Pattern
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Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat なら three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
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Flip Before Reading
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Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using なら. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
Spaced Review
Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern なら mean?
If; in the case that ~
What JLPT level is なら?
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N4 — Upper-Beginner · Forming complex sentences. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use なら in a sentence?
Attach なら (nara) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is なら formal or casual Japanese?
なら is used in both casual and polite contexts. It appears frequently in everyday conversation, textbooks, and simple written materials.
How can I remember なら long-term?
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.