など
🃏 Flashcard
など
nado
Tap to reveal usage
such as, things like
N4
Tap to test your recall · +10 XP
📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level
N4
Upper-Beginner · Forming complex sentences
Reading
nado
Post ID
50730
Patterns today
0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes
such as, things like
📖 How to use it
など marks an example as one of several, meaning 'things like' or 'such as', often with a humble or dismissive nuance.
Attaches to
Attaches directly to nouns: noun + など. For a list, it can follow each item or just the last item. Also can attach to phrases ending in a noun (e.g., こと + など).
など is a particle that indicates the preceding noun is an example among others. It softens the statement, suggesting that there are other similar things not mentioned. In casual speech, it can also show modesty about one's own abilities or things (e.g., 私など), or even belittle something slightly. When listing, you can put など after each item or just after the last item, but putting after each item sounds more exhaustive or emphatic. In writing and formal speech, it is common; in casual conversation, people often use とか instead.
コーヒーや紅茶などが好きです。
Koohii ya koocha nado ga suki desu.
I like things like coffee and tea.
休みの日は、映画を見るなどして過ごします。
Yasumi no hi wa, eiga o miru nado shite sugoshimasu.
On my days off, I spend time doing things like watching movies.
私などには、その仕事はできません。
Watashi nado ni wa, sono shigoto wa dekimasen.
Someone like me can't do that job.
Not とか
とか is more casual and used in spoken conversation to list examples. など is more formal and can also carry a humble or dismissive nuance that とか does not.
Register
Neutral to formal; common in both speech and writing, but in casual conversation とか is more natural.
🎯 Quick Quiz
What does this grammar pattern mean or do?
など
📚 How to Master This Pattern
Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat など three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
Flip Before Reading
Always try to recall the usage before flipping the card. Struggle = learning. Every failed recall makes the next one stick harder.
Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using など. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
Spaced Review
Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.
🔗 More JLPT N4 Patterns
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern など mean?
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Such as, things like
What JLPT level is など?
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Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N4 — Upper-Beginner · Forming complex sentences. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use など in a sentence?
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Attach など (nado) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is など formal or casual Japanese?
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など is used in both casual and polite contexts. It appears frequently in everyday conversation, textbooks, and simple written materials.
How can I remember など long-term?
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Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.