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他動詞 & 自動詞
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tadoushi & jidoushi
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
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他動詞 & 自動詞
tadoushi & jidoushi
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Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
N4
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📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level N4
Upper-Beginner · Forming complex sentences
Reading tadoushi & jidoushi
Post ID 50766
Patterns today 0
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📝 Usage Notes

Transitive & Intransitive Verbs

📖 How to use it

Explains the difference between transitive verbs (take a direct object with を) and intransitive verbs (no direct object), a key distinction in Japanese verb pairs.

Attaches to Not an attachment pattern. Applies to verb pairs sharing a root, e.g., 開ける (transitive) vs 開く (intransitive), 閉める vs 閉まる, 付ける vs 付く. The transitive verb is often -eru/-す, the intransitive is -aru/-く.

Japanese has many verb pairs where one verb describes an action done to something (transitive) and the other describes something happening by itself (intransitive). For example, 窓を開ける means 'open the window' (someone does it), while 窓が開く means 'the window opens' (by itself or naturally). Transitive verbs use the particle を for the object, intransitive verbs use が for the subject that does the action or changes state. Choosing the wrong verb changes the meaning and grammar. You must memorize which verbs are pairs, and often the ending gives a hint: 開ける/開く, 閉める/閉まる, つける/つく, 消す/消える. Transitive verbs usually end in -eru or -す, intransitive often in -aru or -u, but there are exceptions. When you want to say you did something, use the transitive; when describing what happened, use the intransitive.

毎朝、窓を開けます。
Maiasa, mado o akemasu.
I open the window every morning.
風で窓が開きました。
Kaze de mado ga akimashita.
The window opened because of the wind.
電気を消してください。
Denki o keshite kudasai.
Please turn off the light.
Not Verbs that look similar but are not pairs, e.g., 見る (see) vs 見える (be visible), 聞く (hear/listen) vs 聞こえる (be audible). These are not transitive/intransitive pairs but have related meanings. Pairs like 開ける/開く share a root and change meaning with transitivity. 見る/見える are different: 見る takes an object (テレビを見る), 見える describes what is visible (山が見える). Check if there is a true pair with the same root.
Register This distinction is used in all registers, from casual speech to formal writing; it is not a style choice but a grammar rule.
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他動詞 & 自動詞
📚 How to Master This Pattern
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Press Hear it and repeat 他動詞 & 自動詞 three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
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Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using 他動詞 & 自動詞. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
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Spaced Review
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❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern 他動詞 & 自動詞 mean? ▼
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
What JLPT level is 他動詞 & 自動詞? ▼
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N4 — Upper-Beginner · Forming complex sentences. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use 他動詞 & 自動詞 in a sentence? ▼
Attach 他動詞 & 自動詞 (tadoushi & jidoushi) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is 他動詞 & 自動詞 formal or casual Japanese? ▼
他動詞 & 自動詞 is used in both casual and polite contexts. It appears frequently in everyday conversation, textbooks, and simple written materials.
How can I remember 他動詞 & 自動詞 long-term? ▼
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.