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しかない
N3 GRAMMAR ⏱ 0s study 📖 0 today
shikanai
have no choice but~
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🃏 Flashcard
しかない
shikanai
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have no choice but~
N3
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📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level N3
Intermediate · Expressing nuance & contrast
Reading shikanai
Post ID 50920
Patterns today 0
0 / 10 daily goal
📝 Usage Notes

have no choice but~

📖 How to use it

Expresses that there is no other option but to do something; often conveys resignation.

Attaches to Attach to the dictionary (plain non-past) form of a verb: 行くしかない, 食べるしかない. For nouns and な-adjectives, use しかない directly after the noun or stem (e.g., これしかない, 静かしかない is not used; use しかない after the noun).

When you feel you have no alternative, use しかない. It's like saying 'there's no choice but to...' in English. You attach it to the plain form of a verb, which is the form you find in the dictionary. This pattern is common in spoken and written Japanese and is often used when you reluctantly accept a situation.

For example, if the last train has left, you might say 歩いて帰るしかない, meaning you have no choice but to walk home. It can also be used with nouns to mean 'there is nothing but X' or 'only X exists', but the most common usage is with verbs.

Note that しかない is different from ばかりいる or だけ, which simply indicate 'only'. しかない with a verb carries a sense of obligation or resignation, especially when you'd prefer a different outcome.

電車が止まったから、歩いて帰るしかない。
Densha ga tomatta kara, aruite kaeru shika nai.
The trains have stopped, so I have no choice but to walk home.
時間がないから、簡単な料理を作るしかない。
Jikan ga nai kara, kantan na ryouri o tsukuru shika nai.
Since there's no time, I have no choice but to make something simple.
誰も手伝ってくれないなら、自分でやるしかない。
Dare mo tetsudatte kurenai nara, jibun de yaru shika nai.
If nobody will help me, I have no choice but to do it myself.
Not ~ざるを得ない Both mean 'have no choice but', but ~ざるを得ない is more formal and often used in written or official contexts, while しかない is common in daily speech. Also, ざるを得ない attaches to the ない-stem of verbs (e.g., 行かざるを得ない).
Register Neutral; used in both conversation and writing, but not overly formal.
🎯 Quick Quiz
What does this grammar pattern mean or do?
しかない
📚 How to Master This Pattern
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Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat しかない three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
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Flip Before Reading
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Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using しかない. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
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Spaced Review
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❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern しかない mean? ▼
Have no choice but~
What JLPT level is しかない? ▼
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N3 — Intermediate · Expressing nuance & contrast. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use しかない in a sentence? ▼
Attach しかない (shikanai) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is しかない formal or casual Japanese? ▼
しかない is used in both casual and polite contexts. It appears frequently in everyday conversation, textbooks, and simple written materials.
How can I remember しかない long-term? ▼
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.