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Before

On’yomiせん
Kun’yomiさき・ま.ず
MeaningsBefore, Ahead, Previous, Future, Precedence
JLPT N5 6 strokes #172 most common Grade 1 Radical legs
書き順 · Stroke order

How to write 先

Stroke order is not decoration — it determines how the character looks handwritten and how dictionaries index it.

6 strokes
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分解 · What it is made of

The parts of 先

Almost every kanji is built from a small set of reusable parts. Learn the parts once and you stop memorising thousands of unrelated shapes.

部首 · Radical

The radical of 先

Radical 10 of 214
Legs

The radical is the part a paper dictionary files a kanji under, and it usually hints at meaning. 先 is filed under (legs) — radical number 10 of the 214 in the Kangxi system.

Other kanji built on 儿

練習 · Practice

Drill 先 right now

Three quick games built from this character's real data. Your streak is kept in this browser.

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Before せん さき・ま.ず
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熟語 · In real words

Words that use 先

Kanji are almost never met alone. These are the most common words built from this character, ordered by how often they actually appear in Japanese.

先月 せんげつ last month
先生 せんせい teacher; instructor; master
先進国 せんしんこく developed country; advanced country
先発 せんぱつ starting in advance; starting first; going first
優先 ゆうせん preference; priority; precedence
先進 せんしん advanced; developed; seniority
先頭 せんとう head (of a line, group, etc.); front; lead
先に さきに previously; before; earlier
先行 せんこう going ahead; going first; preceding
先週 せんしゅう last week; the week before
名乗り · Name readings

How 先 is read in names

Japanese names use readings that appear nowhere else in the language. These are 先's — the reason personal and place names are so hard to read even for native speakers.

ぽん
同音 · Sound-alikes

Kanji that sound like 先

Japanese has far more kanji than syllables, so one reading is shared by many characters. These are the ones you will confuse with 先 — learn them together, not separately.

画数 · 6 strokes

Other 6-stroke kanji

Useful when looking a character up by stroke count — and a common source of visual mix-ups.

頻度 · Frequency

Next in the frequency list

先 is the 172nd most common kanji in written Japanese. Learning in frequency order is the fastest route to reading real text.

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質問 · Questions

About the kanji 先

What does the kanji 先 mean?

先 means Before, Ahead, Previous, Future, Precedence. It is the 172nd most common kanji in written Japanese.

How do you read the kanji 先?

先 is read on'yomi (Chinese-derived) せん; kun'yomi (native Japanese) さき、ま.ず.

How many strokes does 先 have?

先 is written with 6 strokes. The animated diagram on this page shows the correct order.

What level is the kanji 先?

It appears at JLPT level N5, and Japanese schoolchildren learn it in grade 1.

What is the radical of 先?

The radical of 先 is 儿 (legs), radical number 10 of the 214 Kangxi radicals. The radical is the component a dictionary files the character under, and it usually points at the character's meaning.

What words use the kanji 先?

Common words written with 先 include 先月 (せんげつ, last month); 先生 (せんせい, teacher; instructor; master); 先進国 (せんしんこく, developed country; advanced country).

Which kanji sound the same as 先?

先 shares a reading with 選 (せん), 戦 (せん), 山 (せん), 川 (せん), 千 (せん), among others. Same-sounding kanji are one of the most common sources of confusion in Japanese.

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