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to
and; with; as; connecting particle
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and; with; as; connecting particle
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📊 Pattern Stats
JLPT Level N5
Beginner · Basic sentence structures
Reading to
Post ID 50672
Patterns today 0
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📝 Usage Notes

and; with; as; connecting particle

📖 How to use it

Particle と links nouns to mean 'and' or 'with', and shows who or what you do something together with.

Attaches to Attaches directly to a noun (no particle before it). For 'and', it connects two or more nouns: N1 と N2. For 'with', it follows the person/thing you do something with: [person/thing] と [verb].

と is a very common particle with two basic jobs. First, it means 'and' when listing nouns. You put と between each noun, like 'AとB'. You can list more than two, but you usually stop at two or three. Second, it means 'with' when you do an action together with someone or something. In that case, the noun before と is the companion, and the verb after shows the action. For example, 'わたしは友だちと話しました' means 'I talked with a friend.' Both uses are natural in everyday conversation. Note: と also has another meaning—'whenever [A], then [B]'—as in '春になると、花が咲きます' (When spring comes, flowers bloom). That usage is a different grammar point, not the one explained here.

わたしはパンと牛乳を買いました。
Watashi wa pan to gyuunyuu o kaimashita.
I bought bread and milk.
きのう、友だちと映画を見ました。
Kinou, tomodachi to eiga o mimashita.
Yesterday I watched a movie with a friend.
田中さんは日本語と英語が話せます。
Tanaka-san wa nihongo to eigo ga hanasemasu.
Tanaka can speak Japanese and English.
Not と lists all items completely (A and B), while や lists examples (A and B, among others). With と, the list is exhaustive; with や, there are more things not mentioned.
Register と is neutral and used in both speaking and writing, informal and formal contexts.
🎯 Quick Quiz
What does this grammar pattern mean or do?
📚 How to Master This Pattern
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Say It Aloud
Press Hear it and repeat と three times. Feel the rhythm — grammar patterns have a natural flow.
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Flip Before Reading
Always try to recall the usage before flipping the card. Struggle = learning. Every failed recall makes the next one stick harder.
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Write Two Sentences
Compose two original sentences using と. One about yourself, one about something you see right now.
Spaced Review
Save this pattern and revisit at 10 min, 1 day, 3 days. Production (writing) beats recognition for grammar.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What does the grammar pattern と mean?
And; with; as; connecting particle
What JLPT level is と?
Nihoner currently groups this pattern under JLPT N5 — Beginner · Basic sentence structures. Use the level label as study guidance rather than a prediction of what will appear on an exam.
How do you use と in a sentence?
Attach (to) to the appropriate verb or noun form as described in the usage notes. Then try writing two original sentences — one about yourself and one about something around you.
Is と formal or casual Japanese?
is used in both casual and polite contexts. It appears frequently in everyday conversation, textbooks, and simple written materials.
How can I remember と long-term?
Use the flashcard on this page for active recall — see the pattern, reconstruct the usage from memory, then flip. Follow with the 4-choice quiz to distinguish it from similar patterns. Review later the same day and again over the following days. Writing original sentences can help you practise using the pattern in context.