表層形
努める
ツトメル
動詞
努める (ツトメル)
Tsutomeru · つとめる — to endeavor (to do), to endeavour, to try hard, to work hard, to strive, to make an effort, to exert oneself, to devote oneself, to be committed (to doing)
Other ways to say “to endeavor” in Japanese →
努める in rōmaji: tsutomeru.
動詞
一般
*
*
🔤 下一段-マ行 📐 終止形-一般
Updated: 2026年8月15日
📖 Grammar Information
| 表層形 (Surface) |
努める
|
|---|---|
| 読み (Reading) |
ツトメル
|
| 品詞 (POS) |
動詞・一般・*・*
|
| 活用型 (Conj. Type) |
下一段-マ行
|
| 活用形 (Conj. Form) |
終止形-一般
|
| 表記 (Orthography) |
努める
|
| 読み・基本形 |
ツトメル
|
| 表記・基本形 |
努める
|
| 見出し語の読み |
ツトメル
|
💡 English Meaning
努める means “to endeavor (to do), to endeavour, to try hard, to work hard, to strive, to make an effort, to exert oneself, to devote oneself, to be committed (to doing)” — full definition & examples →
🔗 Other Forms of 努める
🃏 Flashcard — Test Yourself
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努める
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Reading & Info
ツトメル
動詞一般**
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⚡ 一段 (Ichidan/Ru-verb) Conjugations
| ます形 (Polite) |
努めます
|
| て形 (Te-form) |
努めて
|
| 過去形 (Past) |
努めた
|
| 否定形 (Negative) |
努めない
|
| 意向形 (Volitional) |
努めましょう
|
| 可能形 (Potential) |
努められる
|
| 受身形 (Passive) |
努められる
|
| 使役形 (Causative) |
努めさせる
|
💡
Did you know · 動詞
動詞 (verbs) come at the end of a Japanese sentence. They conjugate for tense, politeness, negation, and mood — this entry shows the base (dictionary) form.
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❓ About this entry
What is the difference between surface form and lemma? ▼
The surface form (努める) is the exact text as it appeared in the corpus — it may be conjugated or inflected. The lemma (努める) is the dictionary base form. For example, 食べた (surface) has the lemma 食べる.
What does the reading (pron) field mean? ▼
The reading shows the pronunciation in hiragana or katakana as recorded by UniDic. For kanji entries this is the standard reading of this specific surface form — which may differ from other readings of the same kanji.
What is UniDic? ▼
UniDic is a comprehensive Japanese lexicon developed by the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL). It provides detailed morphological information for modern Japanese words, used in NLP tools like MeCab.
How do I use the conjugation table? ▼
The table shows the most common inflected forms of this verb. Click any "Copy" button to copy the form. Note: these are generated from the lemma 努める based on its conjugation type (下一段-マ行).
How do I save this entry? ▼
Click the ★ save button in the word card above (you need to be logged in). Saved entries appear in your personal Saved Dictionary page for quick review later.