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In Front

On’yomiぜん
Kun’yomiまえ・-まえ
MeaningsIn Front, Before
JLPT N5 9 strokes #27 most common Grade 2 Radical knife
書き順 · Stroke order

How to write 前

Stroke order is not decoration — it determines how the character looks handwritten and how dictionaries index it.

9 strokes
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部首 · Radical

The radical of 前

Radical 18 of 214
Knife

The radical is the part a paper dictionary files a kanji under, and it usually hints at meaning. 前 is filed under (knife) — radical number 18 of the 214 in the Kangxi system.

Other kanji built on 刀

練習 · Practice

Drill 前 right now

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In Front ぜん まえ・-まえ
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熟語 · In real words

Words that use 前

Kanji are almost never met alone. These are the most common words built from this character, ordered by how often they actually appear in Japanese.

前年 ぜんねん the preceding year; the previous year; last year
午前 ごぜん morning; a.m.
前日 ぜんじつ previous day; day before; eve
前回 ぜんかい previous time; last time; previous installment
名前 なまえ name; given name; first name
前半 ぜんはん first half
直前 ちょくぜん just before; just prior to; right in front of
前提 ぜんてい condition; assumption; prerequisite
事前 じぜん prior; beforehand; in advance
当前 とうぜん natural; right; proper
名乗り · Name readings

How 前 is read in names

Japanese names use readings that appear nowhere else in the language. These are 前's — the reason personal and place names are so hard to read even for native speakers.

さきさとまい
同音 · Sound-alikes

Kanji that sound like 前

Japanese has far more kanji than syllables, so one reading is shared by many characters. These are the ones you will confuse with 前 — learn them together, not separately.

地名 · In place names

Japanese towns written with 前

Place names are where kanji readings get strange — and where you meet this character in the wild.

画数 · 9 strokes

Other 9-stroke kanji

Useful when looking a character up by stroke count — and a common source of visual mix-ups.

頻度 · Frequency

Next in the frequency list

前 is the 27th most common kanji in written Japanese. Learning in frequency order is the fastest route to reading real text.

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質問 · Questions

About the kanji 前

What does the kanji 前 mean?

前 means In Front, Before. It is the 27th most common kanji in written Japanese.

How do you read the kanji 前?

前 is read on'yomi (Chinese-derived) ぜん; kun'yomi (native Japanese) まえ、-まえ.

How many strokes does 前 have?

前 is written with 9 strokes. The animated diagram on this page shows the correct order.

What level is the kanji 前?

It appears at JLPT level N5, and Japanese schoolchildren learn it in grade 2.

What is the radical of 前?

The radical of 前 is 刀 (knife), radical number 18 of the 214 Kangxi radicals. The radical is the component a dictionary files the character under, and it usually points at the character's meaning.

Why is 前 read ぜん?

前 contains 歬1V as its phonetic component — the part that carries the sound rather than the meaning, which is why 前 is read ぜん. Roughly two-thirds of all kanji are built this way, so spotting the phonetic component often lets you guess the reading of a character you have never seen.

What words use the kanji 前?

Common words written with 前 include 前年 (ぜんねん, the preceding year; the previous year; last year); 午前 (ごぜん, morning; a.m.); 前日 (ぜんじつ, previous day; day before; eve).

Which kanji sound the same as 前?

前 shares a reading with 全 (ぜん), 然 (ぜん), 善 (ぜん), 銭 (ぜん), 禅 (ぜん), among others. Same-sounding kanji are one of the most common sources of confusion in Japanese.

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