Closed system in Japanese is “閉じたシステム” (tojitashisutemu). Full meaning: closed system.
Looking for the other direction? Search any Japanese word in the Nihoner lexicon, or practise what you have learned in the learning games.
We use cookies and similar technologies to personalise content, analyse traffic, and serve relevant ads. You can accept all cookies, customise your choices in Preferences, or reject non-essential cookies. Cookie Policy
Manage your cookie preferences below:
Essential cookies enable basic functions and are necessary for the proper function of the website.
These cookies are needed for adding comments on this website.
These cookies are used for managing login functionality on this website.
Statistics cookies collect information anonymously. This information helps us understand how visitors use our website.
Google Analytics is a powerful tool that tracks and analyzes website traffic for informed marketing decisions.
Service URL: policies.google.com (opens in a new window)
Google Analytics collects anonymised statistics about how visitors use this site. Used to analyse traffic, page performance, and user behaviour via GA4 property G-MTXMJ443E1. No data is collected unless statistics cookies are accepted.
Clarity is a web analytics service that tracks and reports website traffic.
Service URL: clarity.microsoft.com (opens in a new window)
Marketing cookies are used to follow visitors to websites. The intention is to show ads that are relevant and engaging to the individual user.
Google AdSense is used to display ads on this website and to measure their performance. Depending on your consent and region, Google may use cookies and similar technologies to deliver ads, limit repeated ads, detect fraud, and generate aggregated reports. If you do not accept marketing cookies, ads may be limited to non-personalized or may not be displayed where consent is required.
Service URL: nihoner.com (opens in a new window)
You can find more information in our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.
